Worksite facilities in NREGS
National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme (NREGS) is a legislation passed by the Indian Parliament, which guarantees wage employment to any adult who is willing to do unskilled manual work. The Act recognizes ‘right to work’ as a fundamental right of the Citizen. In the era of globalization where it is feared that people without basic literacy will slip into deeper poverty, the scheme guarantees at least 100 days work to the unskilled labour at the statutory minimum wage. The objective of the act is to enhance the livelihood security of the people. It not only provides wage employment through works, but also develops the infrastructure base. The choice of works addresses causes of chronic poverty like drought, deforestation, soil erosion etc. The employment it generates has the potential to transform the geography of poverty.
NREGS also provides worksite facilities, which includes provision for the following:
• Safe drinking water : it shall provide one person (water person) for every 25 labourers at every work site and every work site and shall have required number of pots/drums/cans/jugs with proper lids/covers/garatas and water person shall be paid Rs. 80/- per day.
• Medical kit and first aid : The local staff have to ensure that every work site in every habitation have the first aid kit with full first aid material and have to refill immediately
• Shelter or sunshades for children who are breastfed, children who cannot be left alone at home, for dining at lunch intervals, to take rest if it is too hot and sunny or even if it is drizzling or raining.
• Crèche / aya : If there are 5 or more children (below the age of six) accompanying their mothers who are working at any site, then one of the women workers shall be engaged to look after the children and she shall be paid Rs.80/- per day.
The most ambitious programme with good objectives has been designed and implemented which guarantees not only employment, minimum and equal wages is successful in checking migration to at least 25-30% in many places, people who have migrated in search of employment have even come back to villages and benefited through NREGS.
The NREGS helped people in the villages to develop their own lands and also permanent assets for the community. It would have been more successful and beneficial if it had also focused on providing basic worksite facilities, which helps more women to participate and exercise their right to work and food with dignity.
Field experiences
Water
Generally, the work places are 3 to 4 kms away from the villages, bringing the water from the village is very painful job especially for aged or women, in most of the areas water persons are not coming forward because of the non availability of the water nearby, if not they are arranging from ponds, small lakes or agriculture bores wich are available nearer to the work sites, the water is either not safe or contaminated or of floride.
The wage seekers are facing inconvenience because of non availability of water person
It is observed that, the wage seekers in most of the worksites are deprived of safe drinking water and children also fall sick by drinking the water.
First Aid Kits

There is no good first aid box in most of the places where NREGS works are going on. The First Aid material which needs to be placed and stored in a safe & hygienic place, but in reality it not being stored in an acceptable methods and places. The first aid material which includes cotton, bandage and other material is supplied in a plastic cover, the field staff either hang the cover to the branch of a tree or keep it on a pebble, as it cannot withstand the wind, it falls down on the ground and catches dust and germs and gets dirt and if that used, it may also be a cause of infection.
The first aid material and medicines can be supplied in a recommended closed, safe box.
Shades
It is observed that, local officials are not arranging the shades in most of the worksites. In some areas, children are playing under the trees, if there are no trees, the wage seekers have made their own arrangements. The Department has supplied polythene sheets / plastic sheets for total Grama Panchayat. The supplied quantity is not sufficient for some panchayats where there are 6 to 9 hamlets / habitations and the plastic sheet generates more heat. We have obsereved that the existing practices are neither safe nor good, we also observed that in some places, the children are affected with sun stroke, snake bites and Scorpion bites, and they fall sick due to the non availability of safe shades. Mothers also don’t feel comfortable if they have to breastfed the children.

As mentioned the shades with plastic covers generates more heat than a shade, children are also affected with sun stroke hence daily wage seekers in most of the places cut the trees and make temporary arrangement for shade/ shelter. This is not only painful but results in cutting the trees, or else they have to leave the children to rest under the tree or or any thing which is available.
Creche / Aya


Low economic status forces both wife and husband to work and it is definitely a problem if they have small children. if they have elders to look after the children it will be fine other wise they have to leave their children in the house or they have to bring their children to the work site or they have to stop working.
If at all, they have to bring their children to the work site, some times they have to travel 3 to 4 Km by walk, in spite of all these with great difficulty if they reach to the work site, they will not have security for the children, there is no trained aya, no safe drinking water, no proper shade and medical facilities
It was observed that in most of the places this facility is not provided under the pretext that mothers are not bringing their children and mothers say that they are not bringing the children because of non availability of an aya, no proper shade and care facilities at the work site for the children to protect children from hot weather conditions at the worksites.
Shades
4 types of portable tents are designed and developed using different material. One person can easily carry the tent to any of the worksite. It can be easily assembled and erected in just 20 minutes by a single person.
GreenNet Shade Hard Canvas Shade


Material Used
Different shapes of tents are deigned and different materials like green net, hard cloth, tarpaulin and hardcanvas are used. ¾” dia MS pipe of hard quality is used for the strong structure of the shades / tents. Simple nuts and bolts are used for assembling and erecting the structure, Well crown tape is used to fasten the material used for shade.
Hard Cloth Shade Taurpalin Cloth Shade


All the models are tested in different worksites and observed the difference of temp by 12o C and can accommodate from 20 to 40 persons depending on the model. Wageseekers especially women feel safe, privacy in feeding (breast feeding) their children, convenient to dine under the hot sun in a worksite.
The shades cost between Rs 3,700/- to 5,000/- depending on the models.
Water Trolley

Developed two types of trolleys to transport the water from village / safe source point of water to the worksite.
Material used
Tyres of 12” diameter and good ball bearings for free movement of wheel, and one person can easily push the trolley for 5-6 kms, on uneven roads with pebbles, sand and soil. It has a good platform of 24’’ x 30’’ base is arranged to accommodate and carry the load of a water tank with a capacity of 100 litres.
If a spare water tank is also filled and carried to the worksite, it shall suffice the drinking water requirement of nearly 70 wage seekers,
The trolley can be used for multi purposes, to carry tents, water and with little modifications, this can also be used to water the plants. The manufacturing cost of the trolley is approx. Rs.5000/-
On 24th Nov 2008 Ananthapur District Collector Sri Anil Kumar has inaugurated the trolley, Sri K R Venugopal, Retired IAS and former Secretary to the Prime Minister, Sri G Gopal PD. DWMA, Sri Balaramaih DMHO; Smt. Muthyalamma PD (ICDS),
C Bhanuja REDS were also present on the occassion. Later, the Collector has enquired with DWMA PD about the NREGS developments and also the work site facilities and assured to scale it up in the district.
Medical Kit

Developed 6 types of medical kits. These are very convenient to store the required first aid material and easy to carry it to the worksite, like dust froof, hegenic and conivent to store the medecins.
Among the 6 model, the model 9 x 11 x 8 (10.5 L TR) suits the purposes.
like other models, a transperant plastic box size was selected for visibility of medicines and the lid with two side clamps are used to lock the box avoid dust. A black nylon strip with plastic loop and hook is used to adjust the length of the kit to suit the height of the person who carries the kit.
MDF plank with holes is used to place and fix the bottles (iodine, hydrogen peroxide) in its place to avoid leakages and spoiling other medicines in the box.
The box costs around Rs. 125/- without the medicines.
The medical kit is inaugurated by Dr Kadapala Mohan Reddy, MLA, Nallamada of Ananthapuram District and also a qualified doctor. He examined each item in the box and appreciated the innovations and services. On request for upscaling the models, he assured to take the matter to the notice of the Government.
Creche / Aya

Link the Child care provision in NREGS with ICDS. Following are the process steps were taken in pilot in 48 panchayaths of 4 mandals of Anantapur district.
• Survey is conducted in 48 panchayaths of 4 mandals Kadiri, Nallamada, Amadaguru and Gandlapenta to find out the number of children (below 6 years of age) and feasibility of the crèche.
• Mothers are motivated in 30 villages, conducted several meetings with mothers and labour committees to bring their children to worksite.
• Reds has approached the mandal officials to make arrangements of crèche but Mandal officials have not cooperated to appoint the aya because they are not aware of the procedure of master roll and formalities.
• Reds have cleared in the Monday Review meetings that how to enrol Aya attendances in the master roll, in spite of that they have not started the crèches.
• Bhanuja has explained the situation to the Principal Secretary and Sri Murali, Director Technical NREGS, Sri Murali has arranged circular and he instructed the mandal official to cooperate with REDS.
• Ms C.Bhanuja met the District Collector with the circular and requested to instruct the line departments for linkages, Collector has called both PDS of DWMA and ICDS to implement the programme.
• Met the District officials, Sri Gopal PD, DWMA and PD, ICDS of Ananthapur.
• Met the Mandal officials MPDOs, CDPOs for convergence of the programme.
• Organised orientation programme in sector meetings of ICDS to the anganwadi staff
• After a lengthy process REDS started running 35 centres in 24 villages, covering 263 children. 35 ayas have been recruited.
Process
• Based on the survey centres have been identified and AYA are selected through a labour committees.
• Aya wages have to be paid by NREGS funds and linked with Anganwadi centres
• Centres have opened at 6:00 am and she has worked with existing anganwadi staff
• Where the anganwadi centres exist the crèches organised in the same premises
• Where the anganwadi centres do not exist, organised in mini centres or at ayas residence.
• On request of the wage seekers (who are having breast fed children) some the Crèches were organised at work sites with sunshades.
• Linkage of nutritious food for the wage seekers’ children with special permission of District Collector.
• Where the anganwadi centres do not exist, REDS has arranged the nutrition food, such as Ragi malt and other local available traditional food.
After facilitating and running the crèches, we have observed that there is an increase of 22 % of women wage seekers.
REDS has organised crèches at work place with sunshades, Medical kit, Safe Dirking Water and portable cradle facility.

Sri K R Venugopal, Retired IAS and former Secretary to the Prime Minister has visited some of the crèches running at anganwadi centres and work sites, he has appreciated the efforts of REDS and advised the District officials to provide two times of nutrition food instated of one time, and he also discussed with the District collector after that the local officials of ICDS has provided two times of nutrition food.
Sri K R Venugopal also suggested the REDS to identify the educated youth to look after the crèches instead of old age women so that the children will get the pre school education where the anganwadis do not exist.
Smt Shantha Kumari, Commissioner of Rural Development Government of Andhra Pradesh and Sri Gopal PD, DWMA, Ananthapur have visited the crèches.
Demostrations


Demosstration to the wage seekers Trolley demonstration to the Collector Ananthapur and other officials
Medical Kit demonstration to Collector
and Sri K R Venugopal fromer
Secretary to PM
Upscalling
Models of Tents/ sun shades, Water Trolley, Medical Kit & Cradle demonstrated at Hyderabad


Demonstration to Sri K Raju, Principle Secretary of Rural Development Government of Andhra Pradesh by C Bhanuja-REDS

Demonstration to Smt. Shantha Kumari, Commissioner of Rural Development, Government
of Andhra Predesh by Ms C.Bhanuja
Keeping in view of the field situations and worksite conditions, the officials were finding it to difficult to provide the worksite facilties, the models were designed, developed and demonstrated the need for the worksite facilities and uses of the models with the pilot projects and also convinced the officials to accept and assurance to replicate.
Wassan and Upadhi hami hakkula Amulu committee extended their support in the process of advocacy and lobbying.
Sri K Raju, Pricipal Secretary of Rural Development observed the demonstration of all models has appreciated the efforts of REDS and he assured that the Government would adopt the model 1 sunshade and will be supplied to the wage seekers throughout the state.
Smt Shantha Kumari, Commissioner of Rural Development announced in the meeting that the Government is going introduce the REDS Pilot initiatives and run the Crèches in all Districts.
Smt. Y V Anuradha Director Women and Child welfare has principally accepted to link up supply of SNP (single or double ration) of WD&CW Department to these Centres.